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The QJ (前进 ''Qian Jin'', meaning "advance") was a type of heavy freight steam locomotive used by China Railways. The majority were made by Datong locomotive factory. The prototypes and early production of the class were designated HP (和平 ''Heping'', meaning 'peace'), being redesignated as FD class during the cultural revolution before becoming the QJ class in 1971. The class became the primary mainline freight locomotive on the Chinese rail network by the 1980s, and were then displaced by diesel locomotives during the 1990s. After the end of steam on the national Chinese railway network many QJ locomotives were used on industrial lines, as well as on the Jitong railway. Several of the class have been preserved. ==History and design == 42 prototypes were made by Dalian locomotive works, Tangshan locomotive works, and Shenyang, Mudanjiang, Changchun and Datong locomotive factories between 1956 and 1960. Originally the locomotives were designated as the HP (''Heping'' meaning 'peace') class.〔 The design is thought to be based in part on the Russian LV class.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=www.railography.co.uk )〕〔 (see Паровоз ЛВ ''Russian''). The main tranche of production took place at Datong, beginning in 1964 starting with locomotive HP 101. A number of modifications were made to the locomotive including a new design of boiler, for the production version. The 500th QJ was built in 1968, the 1000th in 1970, the 2000th in 1974 and the 3000th in 1979, with production rates varying from 150 to over 300 per year between 1966 and 1985.〔 Production ended in 1988.〔 In 1966 during the cultural revolution the locomotives were given the class FD (反帝 ''Fandi'' meaning 'anti-imperialism'), after 1971 the class was renamed again becoming the QJ class (''Qian Jin'', meaning 'march forward' or 'progress').〔 The prototypes used 8 wheel tenders, while later production models used 12 wheel tenders.〔 QJs were equipped with mechanical stokers, feedwater heaters, electric lights, and air horns. Various modifications were used on some machines, including an ejector similar to the giesl type and smoke deflectors. One unit was used as a test bed for a 'Gas Producer Combustion System' (GPCS) in the 1980s.〔 A small number of locomotives were built to broad (Russian) 1520mm gauge.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「China Railways QJ」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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